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Objective: Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) are central to the vision of open science described in the FAIR Principles. However, the use of PIDs for scientific instruments and facilities is decentralized and fragmented. This project aims to develop community-based standards, guidelines, and best practices for how and why PIDs can be assigned to facilities and instruments. Methods: We hosted several online and in-person focus groups and discussions, cumulating in a two-day in-person workshop featuring stakeholders from a variety of organizations and disciplines, such as instrument and facilities operators, PID infrastructure providers, researchers who use instruments and facilities, journal publishers, university administrators, federal funding agencies, and information and data professionals. Results: Our first-year efforts resulted in four main areas of interest: developing a better understanding of the current PID ecosystem; clarifying how and when PIDs could be assigned to scientific instruments and facilities; challenges and barriers involved with assigning PIDs; incentives for researchers, facility managers, and other stakeholders to encourage the use of PIDs. Conclusions: The potential for PIDs to facilitate the discovery, connection, and attribution of research instruments and facilities indicates an obvious value in their use. The lack of standards of how and when they are created, assigned, updated, and used is a major barrier to their widespread use. Data and information professionals can work to create relationships with stakeholders, provide relevant education and outreach activities, and integrate PIDs for instruments and facilities into their data curation and publication workflows. 

The effect of CO rotational energy on bimolecular reactions to form electronically excited C 2 is reported here. The reactions are initiated by CO multiphoton absorption of 800 nm light in strong optical fields using two different polarization configurations based on shaped chirped pulses. The observation of Swan band emission indicates that C 2 (d 3 Π g ) is a reaction product. The optical polarization is in the form of either an optical centrifuge or a dynamic polarization grating. In each case, the strong field aligns CO molecules and induces multiphoton absorption. Power-dependent measurements indicate at least seven photons are absorbed by CO; CO(a 3 Π) is a likely reactant candidate based on kinetic modeling. Relative reaction efficiencies are determined by measuring Swan band emission intensities. For a CO pressure of 100 Torr and an optical intensity of I = 2.0 × 10 13 W cm −2 , the relative C 2 (d 3 Π g ) yield with the dynamic polarization grating is twice that with the optical centrifuge. The extent of CO rotational energy was determined for both optical polarizations using high-resolution transient IR absorption for a number of CO states with J = 62–73 and E rot up to 10 400 cm −1 . Optical centrifuge excitation generates at least 2.5 times more rotationally excited CO molecules per quantum state than the dynamic polarization grating. The results indicate that the effect of large amounts of CO rotational energy is to reduce the yield of the C 2 products.